THE INFLUENCE
OF PARENTING ON STUDENTS’ ENGLISH ACHIVEMENT IN THE FIRST GRADE OF TKJ 1 (TEKNIK
KOMPUTER JARINGAN) OF STATE VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL IN KADEMANGAN
RESEACH
By:
PUPUT WULANDARI
NIM: 0808810015
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF BLITAR
THE FACULTY OF TEACHER AND TRAINING
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
BLITAR
2012
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
In
this study the writer whishes to thanks to Allah SWT who always leads and gives
bright thinking and health so that she can finish the research proposal,
although it has not been perfect yet. Peace and salam are always blessed and poured down upon our beloved
prophet Muhammad SAW.
This proposal entitled The
Influence of Parenting on students’ English Achievement in the first grade of
TKJ (Teknik Komputer Jaringan) Students of State Vocational High Scholl in
Kademangan is
intended to fulfill the assigment of methodology research.
She
also greatly indebted to Mr.Bahrul Ulum.S,Pd.M,Pd, and also Mr. Muhammad Mukhroji, S.Pd, M.Pd the advisor who has given valuable guidance, correction, and patience, which finally enabled the writer to
finish her proposal successfully.
She
is Also greatly indebted to Devita Sulistiani, S.Si, M.Pd, the dean of Islamic
University Of Balitar and all lectures of Islamic University Of Balitar.
And
so, her gratitude goes to the Head Master of
State Vocational High School of Kademangan, the English teacher and her
students who have given place and opportunity for her research.
Furthermore, the writer would
like to express her gratitude to her beloved husband, parent who have provided the writer a great
deal of encouragement, also to all of my
families who have given supports to the writer.
The last the writer would like to say thanks a lot to her friends and
everyone that could not mention them one by one who give sincerely helps and
supports during the process of finishing her proposal. Finally, the writer
hopes this proposal can contribute to the development of education.
Furthermore, the writer truly needs criticism and suggestion from the readers
to make it better.
She hopes so much may the blessing of God is always on them for what
they have done. Amin
Blitar…..April 2012
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title…………………………………………………………………. i
Acknowledgement………………………………………………….. ii
Table of content…………………………………………………….. iv
Chapter I Introduction
1.1
The background
of the study…………………… 1
1.2
Statement of
the problems………………………. 3
1.3
Objective of
the study…………………………… 3
1.4
Significant of
the study…………………………. 4
1.5
Assumption……………………………………… 4
1.6
Hypotheses……………………………………… 5
1.7
Scope and
limitation…………………………….. 5
1.8
Definition of
key term…………………………… 6
Chapter II Review of
related literature
2. 1
Parenting……………………………………… 8
2. 2 Students’ English achievement………………. 11
2. 3
Influence students achievement………………. 12
2.4 Review of previous studies…………….. …….. 13
Chapter III Research
method
3.1
Research design………………………………….. 16
3.2
Source of data and data………………………….. 16
3.3
Instrument of data collection……………………. 17
3.4
Data collection procedure………………………. 18
3.5
Data analysis and interpretation………………… 19
Bibliography………………………………………………………… 22
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about: Background of the
study, research question, objective of the study, significant of the study,
scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1
Background of the study
Learning is the main
task of student. The success of the student in learning is not only depended on
education but also depended on the parenting. Parents are the first and the
main teacher of the student, where the students are born, grow up and get all
kinds of experience and knowledge from them. So it is important to conduct a
study dealing with parenting intended to see how far parenting can influence
the students’ achievement especially in English.
Parents may have their
own style of parenting. There is no way that one particular style could be
chosen among the rest as the best, because every child can be seen as an
individual. Because of this simple fact, we shouldn’t feel pressured by all the
advice that we may receive concerning parenting a troubled teen. But it’s
important to take it all in and assess for our self what tips or strategies may
be useful in our context, while at the same time discerning what tips may not
apply to our teenager.
Kinds of parenting
style Generally
speaking, there are two main kinds of parenting styles they can be recognized;
short-term parenting and long-term parenting. Short-term parenting can be
described as disciplinary, permissive, or neglectful. The long-term parenting
style is primarily characterized by firmness and kindness. Short-term parenting
is normally used in response to a teenager acting up. His or her wrong actions
result in an immediate response of parenting where in the parent may either
neglect the action altogether or otherwise discipline or be permissive of his
or her action. The firmness and kindness which characterize long–term parenting
style.
A good guiding principle to keep in mind no matter what
our parenting style is to seek balance. An easy way to notice if our parenting
style has problems is by being aware of balance in the nature of our parenting
style. This rule of the mean can be beneficial in assessing the effectiveness
of our style of parenting a troubled teenager.(Quote from http://Parentingstyle.com.)
Beside human quality
and education to develop a developing country by giving working fields so
joblessness could be avoided if the unemployment problem were erased, Indonesia
will be from economic crisis, each of the head of family could get a job gives
a live to their families. With a good educational background and good economic,
the prosperity.
Based
on the factors above, the writer chooses parenting because she is interested in
it. In this study she will correlates it with the students achievement
especially in English lesson.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the above specification of
the problems the writer can formulate the following problems :
1.2.1 Is
There any correlation between parenting and students’ attitude in the Vocational of Senior High School of
Kademangan?
1.2.2 Is
there any correlation between students’ parenting relationship and students’
English achievement at Vocational of Senior High School of Kademangan?
1.3 Objectives of the study
The
objectives of the study are :
1.3.1
To find out the correlation between
parenting and students’ attitude in Vocational of Senior High School of
Kademangan.
1.3.2
To find out the correlation between
students’ parenting relationship and their English achievement in Vocational of
Senior High School of Kademangan.
1.4 Significance of the
study
The writer hopes
that the result of the study will give contribution to :
1.4.1
Writer
This study gives some knowledge to the
writer about the influence of parenting on students’ English achievement at
Vocational of Senior High School of Kademangan. The research can be as a input to the next writer who wants
to conduct the research with the similar topic or discussion.
1.4.2
Teachers
Knowing the fact that parents are
the important factor for the students, the teachers should ask the parents to
give the students some advices, good facilities and good motivation. Therefore
the teachers will not get difficulties in teaching.
1.4.3
Students
To motivate the students to improve
their achievement. They will understand about their parents attention on their
education, so that they will attempt to
get success.
1.5
Assumption
This
research is line with the assumption :
1.5.1
The parenting
is one of important factors that can influence the students’ achievement.
1.5.2
The students’
achievement can be obtained by giving the test to them.
1.6
Hypotheses
The hypotheses are :
1.6.1
There is a
significant correlation between parents attitude and the students’ English
achievement.
1.6.2
There is a
significant correlation between parenting and students’ English achievement.
1.7 Scope and Limitation
As the writer has stated above that this study is
about the correlation between students’ parenting and their English achievement
at Vocational of Senior High School in Kademangan.
The subjects of this
study were the first grade students of
TKJ of Vocational Senior High School in Kademangan and the scope of the
study is limited only to the correlation between students’ parenting and their
English achievement by using 40 students because
all students of Vocational Senior High School in Kademangan there is 652 student
of the first grade student of Vocational
Senior High School in Kademangan as the subject of the writer.
The writer has chosen TKJ
class as the sample is that they have adapted
to their study at Vocational Senior High
School in Kademangan, for almost at period of two semesters.
Beside the family factors, there are
still other factors of the limited time, fund and ability. This study cannot
over all of them. The writer limits the study only to discuss the parenting. It
may influence the students in studying. And the writer wants to improve the
students to study better. So that in the next time they will find the English
achievement better.
1.8
Definition of key terms
To
avoid misunderstanding about the terms, it will be served a guideline to
understand the concept and indicators of the study. It enables the writer as
well as the reader to get mutual understanding on the variables used in the
topic above. The writer defines the key terms as follows:
1.8.1
Correlation
Describing the observed
relationship between instances of two events. A systematic pattern can be seen
in the occurrences of events that are correlated. When the events involve
numbers, a positive correlation means that as one increases, the other
increases as well. A negative correlation means that as one increases, the
other decreases.(Mark lefers and Holmgren Lab:2004).
The coefficient of
correlation shows the degree of relationship or “going togetherness” of two
sets of measures sometimes are called variables. Correlation is most frequently
computed by using Karl Pearson’s product moment method. (Dr. Robert H Koenker
.Statistic :1981).
1.8.2
Influence
Defined as change in an
individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that is the result
from interaction with another individual or a group. Social influence is
distinct from conformity, power, and authority. (Lisa Rashotte;2006 ).
1.8.3
Achievement
The act of achieving or performing an
obtaining by exertion successful performance; accomplishment as, the
achievement of object.(Brainy Quote;2012).
1.8.4
Parenting
The caring for a child by its parents has
the big day approaches, the expectant couple are starting to get worried about
their fitness for parenting
(Meriam-webster.com;2012).
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
This chapter reviews the
underlying theories for this study. They are parenting which consist of meaning of parenting, parenting style,
students’ English achievement and Influencing student achievement. For the last
related literature is about previous study.
Since
this study deal with correlation between parenting and students’ English
achievement, this chapter is devoted on the review of related literature on
parenting and the students’ English achievement.
2.1
Parenting
A
family is a small society, in which the parents are the leaders. They have to
educate and to aim their children as
much as possible in order to educate
children. In learning students face the process in which their activities are
changed through training procedures, whether in school, family or in their
environment as a distinguished from change by some factors. Those factors can
influence students in learning. The researcher divides into two groups,
internal factor and external factor. Internal factors are ones that come from
the students themselves like talent, Intelligence Quotient and physical
condition etc. External factors are coming from outside of the students. The
factors may come from their teachers, friends, environment and also their
parents.
Ashli
Arispe (on July 08,2009) describes in article “ The fourth of parenting style”.
Characterized by how people act with their children, they are :
2.1.1 Authoritarian
style
These
parents are often strict to the point of control. These parents have high
expectations for their children (in a negative way). There is no kind of
communication with their children, it is what they say should go. These parents
often punish their children or expect them to do things without speaking to
them as to why what they did was wrong or why they are having to do something.
It is their way or no way. You may be saying that there is nothing wrong with
this, but there are actually many negative outcomes that result from this kind
of parenting style.
The child can either go one of two ways to the
extreme. Most children who were raised by this way, are withdrawn, dependent,
and antisocial. Girls for example may marry someone who is controlling to take
over the role that her parents had had. If a parent dies or throws out their
child, the child is often left without the skills necessary to make it on their
own. The other way that the table can be turned is that the children rebel when
they get older to an extreme. This can be moving out early, doing drugs, becoming
an alcoholic, being promiscuous etc. The writer knows someone in her family who
is an authoritarian parent, two of her children do not speak to her, one moved
as far away as she could as soon as she could, and the other is in her forties
and still lives at home with her mother.
2.1.2 Neglectful
style
The next harmful parenting style is the
neglectful/uninvolved style. These parent do not get involved in their child’s
lives, do not set limits, nor exhibit affection to them. These parent are
usually more concerned with themselves more so than with their children but do
however most of the time provide them with the basic necessities in life. As
you can imagine, this causes a lot of harm to the child. They often feel unimportant,
uncared for, and have low self esteem. They usually have behavioral problems.
They are also likely to get involved
with drugs, alcohol, and promiscuity at a young age as way of coping and
seeking out affection. They also get away with these actions which can cause a
lot of trouble for them. They also have problems with their relationships, marriage,
and their own children because they are not used to showing or giving
affection. These children(as children and as adults) experience depression and
resentment towards their parents.
2.1.3
Permissive style
The
last harmful parenting style is the permissive style. These parents want the child’s approval and are more like friends
than parents. These parents also do not set limits or behavioral standards.
These parents hardly ever discipline their children. These are usually the
parents who sit and smoke pot with their children or allow them to have their
boyfriends or girlfriends spend the night with them. This may be all well in
the child’s mind however it often leads to the child being immature, lack
control and are irresponsible. These children feel entitled. As a result, this
will make it very difficult for the children to develop stable relationships or
maintain stable employment. Most people will not put up with the things that
the child’s parents did and as a result, the child will suffer.
2.1.4
Authoritative style
The statistically shown most positive
style of parenting is the authoritative style.
This style is like the authoritarian parent who sets rules and expects maturity
expect they have an open communication with their child. They describe to them
what they expect and why, and why they are getting in trouble if they are.
These parents influence independence rather than dependence. They are attentive
and affectionate. As a result the child usually grows up to be mature,
independent, and have successful relationships within their own lives. The
limits these parents set are age appropriate rather than unreachable or non
understandable.
2.
2 Students’ English Achievement
After
researching, Rahman (1998:59) in thesis of Evi Viana (2000:12) found that the
capability of the students in mastering English is too weak. He suggests that
teaching English is not only around the structure but also the capability of
reading and understanding them correctly.
In measuring how they master the
materials given and to know the students’ English achievement, achievement test
is used. The English achievement here means the student’s test scores of
materials have been given during a quarter done by each students. The scores are
considered as the outcome of the students’ efforts.
According to Zimmerman and
Martinez-Pons(14:1988), academic achievements are distinctive from other accounts of learning and instruction
by their emphasis (a) on how students select, organize or create advantageous
learning environment from themselves and (b) on how they plan and control the form
and amount of their own instruction
According
Carter V Good (1959) in thesis Nurhasanah (1998:27) underlines that academic
achievement is the results of the students’ test that mostly are in the form of
scores. From those definition, it can be concluded that academic achievement is
how the students’ get the knowledge of them school object that is shown by
their grades.
2.3 Influencing Student Achievement
Improvement
of student achievement has always been one of the main goals of education. In
past decades many studies and experiment were used to determine the factors
that affect students achievement. According to Patrick (1991) In factors has
been identified and the relationship between them is very complex and dynamic.
Some researchers believe that the students’ achievement divides factors that
influence learning out comes into five categories
1.External : such as gender, race, parent education, parenting.
2.Internal :such as motivation and self reflection
3.Social :such
as ability to connect with teachers and fellow students
4.Curriculum :such
as much time spent on home work assignment
5.Administrative: such as the teacher’s improvement
and good supportive school climate
2.4 Review of previous studies
In
this section the researcher will review some studies relating this study.
1. Nur
Diana Tri Rahmawati by the title “The correlation between parents education
background and the students achievement of the first year students of SMK PGRI
3 Blitar focuses in parents attention
level” 2006
This
thesis has result that the level of parents education is very influencing to
the students’ achievement. If level of education is higher, the achievement
will be higher too. The levels here are Elementary School, Junior High School,
Senior High School and University.
2. Adib
Biantoro by the title “The correlation between family life background and the
English achievement of the second year student of SMPN 2 Garum Blitar ” 2000
This thesis has five significant correlation, they
are :
a. There
is significant correlation between the students’ English achievement and the
education of parents.
b. There
is significant correlation between the students’ English achievement and home
environment.
c.
There is significant correlation between
the students’ English achievement and members of family.
d.
There is no significant correlation
between students English achievement and the job of parents
e. There
is no significant correlation between the students’ English achievement and
social economic status of parents
3.Similarity
and the difference of the relevance’s thesis with some previous studies.
The similarities of both are:
a. Only
limited to correlation
b. Uses
correlation method of “the pearson product moment”
c. Uses
questionnaire to get the data
The difference of them are:
a. Adib
biantoro “correlated between family life background and the English
achievement”
b. Nur
Diana Tri Rahmawati “correlated between parents education background and
student achievement”
c. Study
of the researcher is “the influence of parenting on students’ English
achievement at State Vocational High School of Kademangan”
CHAPTER
III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents research design, data and data sources, instrument of data collection, data collection
procedure, and data analysis and interpretation.
3.1 Research Design
It
is necessary to determine kinds of the research method used in this study. In
line with the title, this study is a correlation study. The writer tried to
correlate two variables, they are parenting of the parent and the students’ English
achievement.
To
find out the correlation between those variables, the writer gives the
questionnaire to students’ about parents attitude then the writer also takes
data from the list of students’ score of first grade of TKJ student of State Vocational High School of
Kademangan.
3.2
Population and sample
The research
area refers to the place or location to conduct the research. In this research
purposive sampling used to determine the area. The random sampling was used the
writer. Only one of first grade was chosen with lottery as the sample. It was
used, with the reason that is was easy in administration and also efficient
time, energy and fund.
Ary
Kunto (2002) there are two kinds of research, First if the subject are less
than 100, we can take all of them, second if the subject are more than 100, we
can take 10% up to 15%, or 20% up to 25% or more.
There
were about 652 students in the first grade, since the number of the first grade
of State Vocational High School in Kademangan was more than 100. The subject in
this study were the first grade TKJ 1 and the sample 40 students, they were
taken by a random sampling procedure.
3.3
Source of data and data.
As we know the general purpose of the research is to solve the
problem. So the steps would be done must be relevant to the problem that has
been formed before this chapter.
In looking for the data resource in order to make it better, the
first time we have to choose suitable methods used to submit the data in order
that we can get the responsible result. There are some kinds of methods to
collect data, such as questionnaire, interview, and documentation. In this
research the writer used questionnaire, documentation and date of students’
English score.
3.3.1
Source of data
The source of data of
this study is the first grade of TKJ 1 of Vocational High School in Kademangan
and the writer believes that they can be able to be as the object of this
research. The reason is that generally the first grade of TKJ, have adapted to
their study of State Vocational High
School in Kademangan, for almost at period of two semester. So that why the writer
is interested in conducting this study. The total numbers of students of State
Vocational High School in Kademangan is 652 and the object is only 40 students
as the subject.
3.3.2
Data
The writer used
students’ English score and questionnaire as the instruments to collect data.
About the questionnaire, the writer assumes that all the students did it
straight forwardly as what they experience. They gave the real information
about their parents. It is very useful for the writer in collecting the data of
this study.
3.4
Instrument of data collection
To
get good and helpful data, the writer chooses some techniques, which are
suitable to the title and the design of the study. The two techniques are
giving questionnaire to students and taking data of students’ English
achievement.
3.3.1
Questionnaire
One of the instruments to collect the data is a
questionnaire on the their parents and used as an instrument in order to get
some information related to the students parenting.
3.3.2
Data of students’ English score
The data were taken from the list
of students’ score that are written in the scores book. The writer has taken
their score as an instrument because she thinks that it is more qualified than
formative score or summative score. It can also be used to measure how well, teachers
should ask the parents to give the students some advices, good facilities and
good motivation.
3.5 Data collection procedure
Having
chosen and determine what instruments will be used in this study the writer does
the research proposal and after finished the writer must present about the
title to the lecturer after that the writer gets the revision from the lecturer
and make better the research proposal and then researcher prepared the
questionnaire and asked permission to the English teacher of State Vocational
High School in Kademangan to distribute the questionnaire and to take the English
score.
Given
permission the writer comes into the TKJ
1 class and distributes the
questionnaire. The writer considers that the students do it without finding any
difficulties and finish it in the short time, because the writer knows they
just give information what they experience at home among their family. After
collecting the data back, the writer takes their English scores from the book
score and then copy it. So the scores are classified into two groups, those are
the scores of questionnaire and their English achievement. And the writer uses
data analysis to get the correlation between parenting and students’ English
achievement.
3.6
Data analysis and Interpretation
3.6.1
Data analysis
There are many methods
to analyze the data but the writer doesn’t use all of them to analyze the data.
The writer uses two kinds formula, first
of all is the formula to compute the students’ questionnaire scores. In this
part 20 items can be scored.
There are four
identical alternatives for each question. The alternative responses are
credited 5,4,3, and 2 from the most positive to the most negative level. The
alternative (a) scored 5, the alternative (b) scored 4, the alternative (c)
scored 3, and the alternative (d) scored 2.
After
all secondly the answers are scored, each scale is computed in order to know
the level of the respondent. Then all question are also computed in order to
know the level of the respondents. Then all question are also computed to see
the general tendencies of the respondents.
The computation of
students’ questionnaire is like this :
|
Subject
|
Answer
|
f
|
x
|
Fx=X
|
|
1
|
A
|
5
|
5
|
25
|
|
|
B
|
10
|
4
|
40
|
|
|
C
|
3
|
3
|
9
|
|
|
D
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
|
|
|
N=20
|
|
X=78
|
Where :
f :
the frequency
x :
each of the values in the distribution
X :
the result of questionnaire scores
N :
the number of cases
All
the answers from students are changed to
the scores of each students and to be marked as follow:
-Scores 5,for item very enjoyable,
very quite, etc
-Scores 4,for item enjoyable, quite,
etc
-Scores 3,for item enjoyable enough,
quitly enough, etc
-Scores 2,for item less enjoyable, less quitly, etc
Each the
questionnaire is provided with four alternatives constituting a scale which
indicate, the level of influences. Another formula is correlation method called
“ The Pearson Product Moment” which can be done by using raw scores in
analyzing the data. The Pearson Product Moment is symbolized as “r” the formula
that is like this
Notes :
r xy : Coefficient of correlation
N :
Number of subject
X :
Scores of students’ Questionnaire
Y :
Scores of students’ English achievement
∑ :
The sum up.
From
the computation product moment correlation which will be shown in the following
chapter (chapter IV), the writer know the coefficient correlation between
parenting and student English achievement in the first grade of TKJ 1 of State Vocational High School in Kademangan
Blitar.
3.6.2 Interpretation
This
section discusses the interpretation of the correlation obtained in the
previous part. To be able to do that, significant table is needed. The
significant table is a table from which we can see whether an obtained
coefficient of correlation is significant enough to reject a null hypothesis.
Usually there are two levels of significant included in the table,0.01 and 0.05
level significant.
0.01 significant
level offers only chance in a hundred of being wrong in conforming or rejecting
the null hypothesis.
0.05 significant
levels gives five chances in a hundred of being wrong in conforming or
rejecting the null hypothesis.
Since this study is
statistically oriented, only 0.05 significant levels is applied. To be able to
reject the null hypothesis, the coefficient of the correlation obtained in this
study should pass the figure in the 0.05 significant levels.
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